“五星出東方利中國(guó)”織錦（復(fù)制品）細(xì)節(jié)。

尼雅遺址

位于我國(guó)新疆塔克拉瑪干沙漠腹地的尼雅遺址有著“東方龐貝”之稱，它被證實(shí)為《漢書》所記載的絲綢之路南道綠洲城邦“精絕國(guó)”舊址。作為西漢時(shí)期西域三十六國(guó)之一，精絕國(guó)雖是彈丸之地，卻是絲綢之路的必經(jīng)之地。

Located in the heart of the Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang, China, the Niya Ruins are known as the "Pompeii of the East". They have been /confirm/ied as the site of the ancient oasis city-state of Jingjue, recorded in the "Book of Han" as part of the Southern Silk Road. Jingjue, one of the thirty-six kingdoms of the Western Regions during the Western Han Dynasty, was a small but crucial stop along the Silk Road.

1995年，考古學(xué)家在尼雅遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了“五星出東方利中國(guó)”錦護(hù)膊，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其很有可能是來自于蜀地的蜀錦。

In 1995, archaeologists discovered a brocade arm protector at the Niya Ruins inscribed with "Five Stars Rise in the East, Benefiting China", which is likely to have been Shu brocade from Sichuan.

織錦出土?xí)r，位于墓主人的右側(cè)，與弓箭、 箙（fú）、刀鞘等物品放在一起，因此專家推測(cè)它很可能是古人在射箭時(shí)用于保護(hù)臂部的護(hù)具。最引人矚目的是織錦上的兩排漢字——“五星出東方利中國(guó)”。這是迄今為止新疆發(fā)現(xiàn)最早帶有“中國(guó)”二字的文物。“五星出東方利中國(guó)”意味著出現(xiàn)五星聚“東方”的天象，對(duì)“中國(guó)”的軍國(guó)大事一定有大利。

When it was discovered, the brocade was located on the right side of the tomb owner, together with items such as bows and arrows, quivers, and scabbards. Therefore, experts speculate that it was likely an arm guard used by ancient people for protection while archery. The most attractive design is the two rows of Chinese characters on the brocade: "Five Stars Rise in the East, Benefiting China". It represents the current earliest occurrence of the Chinese characters for "China" discovered in Xinjiang. "Five Stars Rise in the East, Benefiting China" implies that when five stars gather in the "east" of the sky, they undoubtedly benefit the military affairs of "China".

這件織錦通過圖案、紋飾和文字將古代中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的天文知識(shí)、陰陽五行巧妙地融為一體。它的制作工藝精湛，代表著漢代織造工藝的最高水平，被譽(yù)為中國(guó)20世紀(jì)考古最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。

This brocade, through patterns, ornamentation, and characters, integrates ancient traditional Chinese astronomical knowledge Yin-Yang, and Five Elements dexterously. It is exquisitely executed, representing the highest level of weaving technology in the Han Dynasty, and is known as one of China’s most significant archaeological discoveries in the 20th century.

這件織錦上采用的五重高密度經(jīng)緯織法符合漢代蜀錦的基本特征。蜀錦是中國(guó)的四大名錦之一，素有“天下母錦”的稱號(hào)。早在漢代時(shí)期，蜀地的織錦技術(shù)就已經(jīng)遙遙領(lǐng)先于世界水平。

On this brocade, the adopted five-fold high-density warp and weft weaving method is in line with the basic characteristics of Han Dynasty’s Shu brocade. Shu brocade is one of the four renowned brocades in China, often referred to as the“Mother Brocade over the World”. As early as the Han Dynasty, the brocade technology of Shu was significantly advanced, surpassing global standards.

據(jù)考證，這件織錦應(yīng)當(dāng)是漢王朝給精絕古國(guó)的饋贈(zèng)。“生前”的至上榮耀與佳話使其備受精絕貴族的珍視，世代相傳，直至精絕國(guó)王死后隨葬。

According to researches, this brocade was likely a present from the Han Dynasty to Jingjue Kingdom. Its supreme glory and legendary status during its time made it highly cherished by the nobles of Jingjue Kingdom across generations, eventually being buried with the King upon his death.

中文作者:四川日?qǐng)?bào)全媒體記者盧麗嘉英文作者:四川國(guó)際傳播中心記者劉動(dòng)攝影：盧麗嘉